岩溶区地铁隧道下穿跨河桥梁施工技术研究

以贵阳轨道交通2号线下穿南明河及团坡桥为工程依托,针对岩溶发育区不均匀浅覆土条件下地铁隧道穿越跨河桥梁施工中遇到的抗渗防沉等难题,在遵循浅埋暗挖法十八字方针的基础上进行方案优化。下穿施工前对河床低洼处进行回填,同时增设水平隔水层,初步解决了河水下渗难题。隧道开挖过程中在掌子面进行全断面帷幕注浆及超前管棚支护确保了拱顶的稳定性,采用悬臂掘进机掘进使地层沉降得到控制,二衬混凝土浇筑时采用缺陷预控技术避免了二衬背后出现空洞,同时采用动态监控量测,有效解决了围岩稳定及团坡桥沉降的难题。     

信号交叉口行人二次过街下右转车通行能力与延误估计模型

在充分分析典型四相位交叉口行人二次过街设置前、后的行人流与右转车流冲突的前提下，以行人过街时间占有率和行人群到达分布作为分析指标，利用可插车间隙理论得出行人单向通行和双向通行条件下的右转车通行能力计算公式；根据行人流随机消散和集中消散的不同特征，应用随机分布理论推导出右转车穿越行人流的延误模型；并通过算例对比分析行人二次过街设置前、后右转车通行能力和延误的变化值。结果表明，除了在少数行人流量比较大的情况下， 行人二次过街的设置会小幅度减少右转车的延误；在其他大多数情况下，行人二次过街设置后， 右转车的通行能力将受到限制，延误增大，其中，平均通行能力降低了16.68%，平均延误时间增大 了21%，所以，当右转车交通需求较大时，需同时考虑行人和右转车的交通运行状态，优化设计是否采用行人二次过街，避免右转车超出极限忍耐时间而增大与行人冲突的概率。     

The use of gait parameters to evaluate pedestrian behavior at scramble phase signalized intersections

Pedestrian scramble phasing is usually implemented to reduce pedestrian‐vehicle conflicts and therefore increase the safety of the intersection. However, to adequately determine the benefits of scramble phasing, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians react to such an unconventional design. This study investigates changes in pedestrian crossing behavior following the implementation of a scramble phase by examining the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This detailed microscopic‐level analysis provides insight into changes in pedestrian walking mechanisms as well as the effect of various pedestrian and intersection characteristics. The study uses video data collected at a scramble phase signalized intersection in Oakland, California. Gait parameters were found to be influenced by pedestrian gender, age, group size, crosswalk length, and pedestrian signal indications. Both average step length and walking speed were significantly higher for diagonally crossing pedestrians compared with pedestrians crossing on the conventional crosswalks. Pedestrians were found to have the tendency to increase their step length more than their step frequency to increase walking speed. It was also found that, compared with men, women generally increase their walking speed by increasing their step frequency more than step length. However, when in non‐compliance with signal indications, women increase their walking speed by increasing their step length more than step frequency. It was also found that older pedestrians do not significantly change their walking behavior when in non‐compliance with signal indications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance comparison between pedestrian push-button and pre-timed pedestrian crossings at midblock: a Korean case study

Walking has been highlighted as an independent transportation mode as well as an access/egress mode to/from public transit to encourage the use of more sustainable transport systems. However, walking does not seem to have priority over other transportation modes, especially in areas where various modes of movement are in conflict. The pedestrian push-button system seems to be a solution to distribute the right of way. The focus of this study is on the performance issue of the pedestrian push-button. Specifically, this study deals with issues related to mid-block crossings and attempts to answer two questions: whose waiting time is longer at pre-timed and push-button crossings, pedestrians, or vehicles? and which system – pre-timed or push-button – is better in terms of total waiting time? According to our simulation analyses, if the pedestrian flow rate is less than 120, 85, and 70 ped/h for two-, three-, and four-lane roads, respectively, the push-button system is recommended.     

基坑分区开挖对邻近大直径越江隧道影响的数值模拟与现场实测分析

为研究基坑分区开挖对邻近越江隧道保护的有效性,以上海市西藏南路双线越江隧道附近绿谷一期基坑工程为依托,首先采用有限元法建立数值模型,分析基坑分区与不分区开挖对地下连续墙位移和既有越江隧道收敛变形的影响。然后根据现场监测数据,研究基坑分区开挖下既有越江隧道和地下连续墙的变形规律。结果表明： 1）采用分区开挖的方式,地下连续墙最大位移减小23.9%,邻近越江隧道最大竖向位移减小35.4%,分区开挖施工对距离较近隧道的保护效果更好; 2）对于面积较大的分区,其开挖导致的地下连续墙变形更大; 3）既有越江隧道在基坑施工过程中发生了斜向压扁的不规则收敛变形,地下连续墙最大水平位移对邻近隧道的收敛变形具有一定的预测作用。     

软土地层盾构穿越密集房屋群水平定向注浆加固技术

为解决土压平衡盾构在敏感软土地层穿越密集房屋群过程中极易引发地表沉降和建（构）筑物损坏的问题,依托广州市轨道交通14号线盾构下穿姓钟围房屋群加固工程,提出水平定向注浆加固技术,该技术将水平定向钻孔技术与地面注浆技术相结合,利用无线随钻测斜系统实现钻机参数测量、采集、分析和定位,采用特制钢阀管下入钻孔,通过阀管向拟加固区域进行水平定向注浆。介绍该技术的水平孔钻探工艺,并分析其应用效果和经济效益。结果表明： 应用水平定向注浆加固技术,加固区变形量控制在±5 mm以内,未造成房屋开裂、倾斜、倒塌等不良社会影响,能有效保障土压平衡盾构在敏感软土地层中安全顺利通过密集房屋群; 水平定向注浆加固较MJS高压旋喷桩加固可节省费用600余万元,经济效益显著。     

斜向波浪对斜坡堤胸墙作用力的试验研究

斜坡堤胸墙的稳定性主要受到波浪作用的影响,而且实际工程中斜坡堤多受斜向波浪作用。通过斜向与正向不规则波对斜坡堤胸墙作用的物理模型试验研究,分析斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数随水位和波浪入射角度的变化规律,并与斜向波浪对单元直立堤的作用情况进行对比。结果表明:斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数总体上随着水位的降低而变小,随着波浪入射角度的减小而变小;斜向波浪总浮托力的折减系数一般小于总水平力的折减系数;在不同水位和波浪入射角下,斜坡堤单个胸墙所受的斜向波浪总力的折减系数与单元直立堤有一定差别。     

信号控制下人行横道宽度优化模型

为了提高行人过街安全,本文分析了信号控制下行人过街的时空分布特性,研究行人过街空间区域最大宽度与时间和人行横道纵向位置映射关系;通过对行人流量和分担率两因素的分析,对行人过街空间区域特性进行数学描述,根据实测数据并利用轨迹提取技术获取行人时空数据,建立了满足过街时间约束下的人行横道宽度优化模型;最后利用长春市4处人行横道的行人过街时空信息,以群体过街时间为验证指标对模型进行了验证,结果显示,利用本文建立的人行横道宽度优化模型所确定的行人过街时间在3处地点分别减少5.60%、3.29%和2.58%.本文建立的基于时空安全的人行横道宽度优化方法可为人行横道宽度的设计提供理论参考和技术支持.     

跨既有铁路斜交式公路拱桥施工方案研究

公跨铁立交桥上跨既有铁路线桥梁安装,施工难度大,安全性要求高,时效性要求强,而公路与铁路斜交时难度更大。以某公铁立交桥为背景,系统介绍施工方案比选,无防护棚架防护跨线制梁与安装方案的具体工艺技术和安全措施,方案安全而高效,可为同类工程提供经验参考。     

现代有轨电车与道路交通的协调控制方法

在介绍协调控制方法的基础上,提出在现代有轨电车与道路交通冲突的区域内,以实时补偿的原则来处理有轨电车与其他机动车流的通行矛盾,以实现通行能力的最大化。